diferenciar resfriado común de gripe: claves para identificar síntomas

Title: Differentiating Between Common Cold and Flu: Keys to Identify Symptoms Profile: Differentiating between cold and flu is vital during peak season. Timely medical attention reduces risks in vulnerable populations. Keywords: ['Prevention', 'Influenza.'] Provider: Chongqing Popular Science Writers Association Author: Han Jing, Deputy Director of Nursing at the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhang Jian, Supervisor Nurse, and Zou Jingbo, Chief Technician of the Health Service and Scientific Outreach Volunteer Team of the Yongchuan Red Cross, Chongqing (Professor Zou's Science Communication Garden). Reviewer: Li Hanbin. Statement: Except for original content and special instructions, some images come from the internet for non-commercial purposes and are used solely as material for scientific dissemination. Copyright belongs to the original authors. If any rights are infringed, please contact us to remove the content.

The "flu" we often speak of is, in fact, a collection of symptoms. Although they appear similar, the "culprits" behind them and their severity are vastly different. Learning to distinguish between them is crucial for protecting oneself during the flu peak season, especially for safeguarding elderly individuals, children, and members with chronic illnesses at home.

First, the main difference: first observe the pathogen, then observe the symptoms.

1. Different pathogens.

Flu: caused by the influenza virus (primarily type A and B), which exhibits rapid mutations and has a high transmission capability.

Common cold: caused by various viruses, such as rhinovirus and adenovirus, with relatively low virulence.

2. Comparison of symptoms (more practical differentiation points)

A simple self-assessment method: if you suddenly have a high fever, body aches, and feel weak and lethargic, it is very likely flu; if you only have discomfort in your nose and throat but feel relatively well, it is more likely a common cold.

Second, special attention: these groups are at a higher risk of contracting influenza.

The flu poses a greater threat to the following groups of people, as they are more likely to develop severe complications and require special attention:

Elderly individuals (≥65 years)

Young children and school-age children (especially under 5 years)

Pregnant women.

Individuals with chronic illnesses (such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and immune system disorders).

[Important Reminder] If you or a family member belong to the mentioned groups and exhibit symptoms suspicious of the flu, you should see a doctor as soon as possible for the professional to determine if antiviral treatment is necessary.

When to see a doctor.

Even if you suspect it is a common cold, consult a doctor in a timely manner if any of the following "warning signs" appear:

High fever (39°C) has persisted for more than 3 days without subsiding.

Difficulty breathing, chest pain, palpitations.

Severe vomiting, diarrhea, inability to eat and drink.

Mood is very low, with abnormal drowsiness or irritability (especially in children, attention is needed).

Symptoms worsen again after having improved, or do not show improvement after more than 10 days.

Four, treatment and care: the methods are completely different.

Regarding the flu:

Antivirals are specific weapons (such as oseltamivir), but they must be used within 48 hours of symptom onset and require a prescription to obtain.

The core principle is rest: more bed rest is needed in case of a common cold.

For the common cold:

No specific medication: the key to treatment is alleviating symptoms, such as using antipyretics and medications to relieve nasal congestion and cough.

Self-healing body: ensure rest and hydration, relying on one's immunity to recover.

Common principles:

Antibiotics ineffective: both are viral infections, taking antibiotics (such as amoxicillin or cephalosporins) is ineffective and misuse can be harmful.

Symptomatic care: drink warm water, eat easily digestible food, use humidifiers to relieve dryness, etc.

Image source: unsplash.

Five, prevention is key: build two strong lines of defense.

First line of defense: vaccines (the most effective).

The flu vaccine is the most fundamental means of preventing the flu, and vaccination is recommended annually (the virus mutates yearly).

The best time for vaccination is before the start of the flu season each year (such as in October-November in the north), although getting vaccinated during the season is also beneficial.

Vaccination priority: all aforementioned high-risk groups, as well as caregivers and medical staff.

Second line of defense: good daily habits.

Wash your hands with soap or disinfectant and running water for at least 20 seconds.

Use masks: In places with a high concentration of people or closed spaces, wearing masks can effectively block droplets.

Cough etiquette: When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a disposable tissue or with your elbow.

Ventilation and isolation: maintain good ventilation at home and, when ill, try to rest at home to avoid spreading to others.

Increase immunity: balanced diet, moderate exercise, and sufficient sleep, maintaining good immunity.

Summary and action list

1. Learn to judge: pay attention to these two typical signs of the flu: "high fever" and "severe body aches and fatigue."

2. High-risk individuals should be alert: at any suspicion, seek medical attention as soon as possible to take advantage of the optimal treatment period.

3. Scientific care: symptomatic treatment, plenty of rest, and hydration, do not use antibiotics without indication.

4. Active prevention: get vaccinated every year and maintain good hygiene habits.

Health is in our own hands, and prevention is always better than treatment. If there is uncertainty in the situation, it is always safer to consult a professional doctor in a timely manner.